350 lines
17 KiB
Python
350 lines
17 KiB
Python
import requests
|
||
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
|
||
import time
|
||
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
|
||
from urllib.parse import urljoin
|
||
import logging
|
||
import json
|
||
import os
|
||
from requests.exceptions import Timeout
|
||
from urllib.parse import urlsplit
|
||
import re
|
||
import math
|
||
from selenium import webdriver
|
||
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
|
||
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
|
||
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
|
||
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException, TimeoutException
|
||
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
|
||
|
||
|
||
class WebHtmlExtractor():
|
||
'''爬取web网站html格式数据，分为requests和selenium两种方式；selenium需提前下载chrome浏览器与chromedriver，并配置路径。
|
||
'''
|
||
|
||
def __init__(self, header=None, data={}, time_sleep=1, time_out=20, max_retry_times=3):
|
||
# 最大重试次数
|
||
self.max_retry_times = max_retry_times
|
||
# requests请求的header
|
||
if header:
|
||
self.header = header
|
||
else:
|
||
self.header = {
|
||
'User-Agent': UserAgent().random, 'Cookie': None
|
||
}
|
||
# 发送post请求时的data参数
|
||
self.data = data
|
||
# 请求时间间隔s
|
||
self.time_sleep = time_sleep
|
||
# 请求时间时间s
|
||
self.time_out = time_out
|
||
|
||
def save_url_html(self, base_url=None, reptile_lib="requests", method="get", time_sleep=None, time_out=None, html_dir=None,mode="w"):
|
||
'''
|
||
对base_url网址发送请求，爬取base_url网址中1度跳转的网址，限制目标网址以target_url_prefix为前缀
|
||
:param base_url: 目标站点
|
||
:param target_url_prefix: 基于base_url网址，1度跳转链接 且 以target_url_prefix开头。默认为target_url_prefix=base_url（请求返回的当前网址url，中文会自动转为编码）。
|
||
:param reptile_lib: requests和selenium两种方式；requests为简单请求静态网址html内容，js动态数据无法获取；selenium为模拟人行为请求，可获取全部html数据，但请求时间较长，尽量设置5s以上的time_sleep。
|
||
:param method: requests请求有get/post两种，selenium只支持get
|
||
:param time_sleep: 等待时间s
|
||
:param time_out: 超时时长s
|
||
:param html_dir: 保存html地址，jsonl文件
|
||
:return: None
|
||
'''
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
# 创建保存目录
|
||
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(html_dir), exist_ok=True)
|
||
# 发送请求获取base_url结果：包含当前页面全部网址，默认限制在base_url路径下
|
||
html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=base_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
# 保存文件
|
||
self.save_jsonl(file_path=html_dir, json_list=[
|
||
html_dict], mode=mode)
|
||
|
||
def save_1_jump_url_in_base(self, base_url=None, target_url_prefix=None, reptile_lib="requests", method="get", time_sleep=None, time_out=None, html_dir=None,mode = "w"):
|
||
'''
|
||
对base_url网址发送请求，爬取base_url网址中1度跳转的网址，限制目标网址以target_url_prefix为前缀
|
||
:param base_url: 目标站点
|
||
:param target_url_prefix: 基于base_url网址，1度跳转链接 且 以target_url_prefix开头。默认为target_url_prefix=base_url（请求返回的当前网址url，中文会自动转为编码）。
|
||
:param reptile_lib: requests和selenium两种方式；requests为简单请求静态网址html内容，js动态数据无法获取；selenium为模拟人行为请求，可获取全部html数据，但请求时间较长，尽量设置5s以上的time_sleep。
|
||
:param method: requests请求有get/post两种，selenium只支持get
|
||
:param time_sleep: 等待时间s
|
||
:param time_out: 超时时长s
|
||
:param html_dir: 保存html地址，jsonl文件
|
||
:return: None
|
||
'''
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
# 创建保存目录
|
||
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(html_dir), exist_ok=True)
|
||
# 发送请求获取base_url结果：包含当前页面全部网址，默认限制在base_url路径下
|
||
html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=base_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
# 如果target_url_prefix为空，用base_url作为前缀
|
||
if target_url_prefix is None:
|
||
target_url_prefix = html_dict['url']
|
||
sub_url_list = self.get_link_sub_url_list(
|
||
html_dict=html_dict, target_url_prefix=target_url_prefix)
|
||
sub_url_nums = len(sub_url_list)
|
||
logging.info("站点根目录{base_url}包含{url_nums}个网址".format(
|
||
base_url=base_url, url_nums=sub_url_nums))
|
||
# 循环请求1度跳转网址列表，并保存数据
|
||
k = 0
|
||
while k < sub_url_nums:
|
||
# 提取第k个网址
|
||
sub_url = sub_url_list[k]
|
||
# 发送请求并返回response
|
||
logging.info(
|
||
"第{k}个网址，进度{rate}%……".format(k=k + 1, rate=round((k + 1) / sub_url_nums * 100, 1), url=sub_url))
|
||
if k == 0:
|
||
mode = mode
|
||
else:
|
||
mode = "a"
|
||
# 爬取url网页html全部内容，保存为字典
|
||
html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=sub_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
# 保存文件
|
||
self.save_jsonl(file_path=html_dir, json_list=[
|
||
html_dict], mode=mode)
|
||
k += 1
|
||
|
||
def save_2_jump_url_in_base(self, base_url=None, target_url_prefix=None, reptile_lib="requests", method="get", time_sleep=None, time_out=None, html_dir=None):
|
||
'''
|
||
对base_url网址发送请求，爬取base_url网址中2度跳转的网址，限制目标网址以target_url_prefix为前缀
|
||
:param base_url: 当前根网页站点
|
||
:param target_url_prefix: 基于base_url网址，2度跳转目标页面网址前缀，目标网址需要以target_url_prefix开头
|
||
:param reptile_lib: requests和selenium两种方式；requests为简单请求静态网址html内容，js动态数据无法获取；selenium为模拟人行为请求，可获取全部html数据，但请求时间较长，尽量设置5s以上的time_sleep。
|
||
:param method: requests请求有get/post两种，selenium只支持get
|
||
:param time_sleep: 等待时间s
|
||
:param time_out: 超时时长s
|
||
:param html_dir: 保存html地址，jsonl文件
|
||
:return: None
|
||
'''
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
# 创建保存目录
|
||
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(html_dir), exist_ok=True)
|
||
# 爬取html网页数据
|
||
html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=base_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
# 提取html中的链接网址
|
||
sub_url_list = self.get_link_sub_url_list(html_dict=html_dict)
|
||
logging.info("站点根目录{base_url}包含{url_nums}个网址".format(
|
||
base_url=base_url, url_nums=len(sub_url_list)))
|
||
n_url = 0
|
||
# 2度跳转网址，爬取html网页并保存
|
||
for k, sub_url in enumerate(sub_url_list):
|
||
sub_url_html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=sub_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
sub_url_list_2 = self.get_link_sub_url_list(
|
||
html_dict=sub_url_html_dict, target_url_prefix=target_url_prefix)
|
||
logging.info("第{k}个网址，进度{rate}%,目录{sub_url}包含{url_nums}个网址".format(k=k + 1, rate=round(
|
||
(k + 1) / len(sub_url_list) * 100, 1), sub_url=sub_url, url_nums=len(sub_url_list_2)))
|
||
for i, sub2_url in enumerate(sub_url_list_2):
|
||
if k == 0 and i == 0:
|
||
mode = "w"
|
||
else:
|
||
mode = "a"
|
||
# 爬取url网页html全部内容，保存为字典
|
||
html_dict = self.get_html_dict(
|
||
url=sub2_url, reptile_lib=reptile_lib, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
# 保存文件
|
||
self.save_jsonl(file_path=html_dir, json_list=[
|
||
html_dict], mode=mode)
|
||
n_url += 1
|
||
logging.info("站点根目录{base_url}两度跳跃包含{url_nums}个网址".format(
|
||
base_url=base_url, url_nums=n_url))
|
||
|
||
def get_html_dict(self, url=None, reptile_lib="requests", method="get", selenium_headless=True, time_sleep=None, time_out=None):
|
||
'''
|
||
对url网址发送请求，返回html_dict，requests和selenium两种方式
|
||
:param url: 目标网址
|
||
:param reptile_lib: requests和selenium两种方式；requests为简单请求静态网址html内容，js动态数据无法获取；selenium为模拟人行为请求，可获取全部html数据，但请求时间较长，尽量设置5s以上的time_sleep。
|
||
:param method: requests请求有get/post两种，selenium只支持get
|
||
:param selenium_headless: False则会在电脑自动弹出窗口打开页面；True则不弹出窗口
|
||
:param time_sleep: 等待时间s
|
||
:param time_out: 超时时长s
|
||
:return: html_dict:{}
|
||
'''
|
||
# 爬取url网页html全部内容，保存为字典
|
||
assert reptile_lib in (
|
||
"requests", "selenium"), "reptile_lib请选择requests/selenium方法"
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
if reptile_lib == "requests":
|
||
html_dict = self.get_request_html(
|
||
url=url, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out)
|
||
elif reptile_lib == "selenium":
|
||
html_dict = self.get_selenium_html(
|
||
url=url, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, time_out=time_out, headless=selenium_headless)
|
||
return html_dict
|
||
|
||
def get_request_html(self, url=None, method="get", time_sleep=1, retry_times=1, header=None, data=None, time_out=None):
|
||
'''
|
||
对url网址发送requests请求，保存html字典
|
||
:param url: 目标网址
|
||
:param method: get/post
|
||
:return: html_dict:{}
|
||
'''
|
||
assert method in ("get", "post"), "method请选择get/post方法"
|
||
# 传入header
|
||
if header:
|
||
self.header = header
|
||
if data:
|
||
self.data = data
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
# 每次发送请求前等待1s
|
||
time.sleep(time_sleep)
|
||
# 发送请求，超时10s重试
|
||
try:
|
||
if method == "get":
|
||
response = requests.get(
|
||
url, headers=self.header, timeout=time_out)
|
||
elif method == "post":
|
||
response = requests.post(
|
||
url, headers=self.header, data=self.data, timeout=time_out)
|
||
except Timeout:
|
||
response = None
|
||
# 查看返回结果是否为空，最大重试3次，response保存为html字典
|
||
html_dict = {}
|
||
if response is None:
|
||
html_dict['url'] = url
|
||
html_dict['host_url'] = self.split_host_url(url)
|
||
html_dict['text'] = None
|
||
html_dict['status'] = False
|
||
if retry_times <= self.max_retry_times:
|
||
logging.warning("第{retry_times}次重试……".format(
|
||
retry_times=retry_times))
|
||
html_dict = self.get_request_html(
|
||
url=url, method=method, time_sleep=time_sleep, retry_times=retry_times+1)
|
||
else:
|
||
logging.warning("重试{max_retry_times}次，达到最大重试次数！".format(
|
||
max_retry_times=self.max_retry_times))
|
||
else:
|
||
html_dict['url'] = response.url
|
||
html_dict['host_url'] = self.split_host_url(response.url)
|
||
html_dict['text'] = response.text
|
||
html_dict['status'] = True
|
||
logging.info("请求{url}网址返回成功！".format(url=url))
|
||
return html_dict
|
||
|
||
def get_selenium_html(self, url=None, method="get", time_sleep=None, retry_times=1, headless=True, time_out=None):
|
||
'''
|
||
selenium模拟访问网站，保存html字典，需安装并调试chromedriver，版本与电脑chrome需一致，且正确配置路径。mac电脑路径：打开finder,再按command+shift+G进入/usr/local/bin；windows可配置路径。
|
||
:param url: 目标网址
|
||
:param method: 只能取值get
|
||
:param headless: False则会在电脑自动弹出窗口打开页面；True则不弹出窗口
|
||
:return: html_dict : {}
|
||
'''
|
||
assert method == "get", "selenium爬取method只支持get方法"
|
||
if time_out is None:
|
||
time_out = self.time_out
|
||
if time_sleep is None:
|
||
time_sleep = self.time_sleep
|
||
# 创建Chrome浏览器实例，并不在电脑实际展示页面
|
||
options = Options()
|
||
options.headless = headless
|
||
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
|
||
# 再等待5秒
|
||
time.sleep(time_sleep)
|
||
try:
|
||
# 打开目标网址，等待页面全部元素加载完成
|
||
# url = 'https://market.cloud.tencent.com/products/3027'
|
||
driver.get(url)
|
||
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, time_out)
|
||
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located)
|
||
time.sleep(time_sleep)
|
||
# # 获取整个页面的HTML数据
|
||
page_source = driver.page_source
|
||
current_url = driver.current_url
|
||
except (WebDriverException, TimeoutException) as e:
|
||
page_source = None
|
||
current_url = url
|
||
logging.info("Selenium请求错误:%s" % str(e))
|
||
finally:
|
||
# 关闭浏览器驱动
|
||
driver.quit()
|
||
|
||
# 保存html字典
|
||
html_dict = {}
|
||
html_dict['url'] = current_url
|
||
html_dict['host_url'] = self.split_host_url(current_url)
|
||
html_dict['text'] = page_source
|
||
|
||
# 请求出错，最大重试3次
|
||
if page_source is None:
|
||
html_dict['status'] = False
|
||
if retry_times <= self.max_retry_times:
|
||
logging.warning("第{retry_times}次重试……".format(
|
||
retry_times=retry_times))
|
||
html_dict = self.get_selenium_html(
|
||
url=url, time_sleep=time_sleep, retry_times=retry_times+1, headless=headless)
|
||
else:
|
||
logging.warning("重试{max_retry_times}次，达到最大重试次数！".format(
|
||
max_retry_times=self.max_retry_times))
|
||
else:
|
||
html_dict['status'] = True
|
||
logging.info("请求{url}网址返回成功！".format(url=url))
|
||
|
||
return html_dict
|
||
|
||
def get_link_sub_url_list(self, html_dict={}, target_url_prefix=None):
|
||
'''
|
||
提取网页html中出现的相关网址列表，返回结果要以url_prefix为前缀
|
||
:param html_dict: 网页返回的全部文本内容response.text和url
|
||
:param url_prefix: 只返回url_prefix开头的网址，默认为html当前页面的url
|
||
:return: sub_url_list: 网址列表
|
||
'''
|
||
# 从response中提取html_content、base_url
|
||
html_content = html_dict['text']
|
||
url = html_dict['url']
|
||
# 创建BeautifulSoup对象
|
||
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')
|
||
# 提取所有<a>标签的href属性值
|
||
links = soup.find_all('a')
|
||
# 存储提取到的网址
|
||
sub_url_list = [url]
|
||
# 如果没传，以url作为前缀
|
||
if target_url_prefix is None:
|
||
target_url_prefix = url
|
||
# 遍历所有链接
|
||
for link in links:
|
||
href = link.get('href')
|
||
if href:
|
||
# 使用urljoin函数将相对网址转换为绝对网址
|
||
host_url = self.split_host_url(url)
|
||
absolute_url = urljoin(host_url, href)
|
||
# 返回absolute_url以本页url_prefix开头
|
||
if absolute_url.startswith(target_url_prefix):
|
||
sub_url_list.append(absolute_url)
|
||
# 去重且不改变顺序
|
||
return list(dict.fromkeys(sub_url_list))
|
||
|
||
def save_jsonl(self, json_list=[], file_path=None, mode="w"):
|
||
'''
|
||
将json_list保存成jsonl格式文件
|
||
'''
|
||
with open(file_path, mode, encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
||
for line in json_list:
|
||
f.write(json.dumps(line, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
|
||
|
||
def split_host_url(self, url):
|
||
'''
|
||
从url中提取host域名网址
|
||
'''
|
||
parsed_url = urlsplit(url)
|
||
host_url = parsed_url.scheme + '://' + parsed_url.netloc
|
||
return host_url
|